Comprehensive and innovative techniques for laparoscopic choledocholithotomy: A surgical guide to successfully accomplish this advanced manipulation

Figure 3 Actual surgical procedures of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy. A-C: Optimal transcystic fixation of C-tube is completed with elastic suture and clips. The elastic suture is never ligated directly; D: The second clip prevents any slippage of the first clip; E: The common hepatic duct, biliary confluence and common bile duct are intentionally explored; F: Feeding and drainage vessels surrounding the extrahepatic bile duct should be preserved. CHD: Common hepatic duct; CBD: Common bile duct.