Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy associates to type 17 helper T lymphocytes immunological shift and significant microbial changes in dextran sodium sulphate colitis

Figure 2 Estimation of clinical and morphological changes of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. A: The four-point disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated scoring daily body weight of mice, the percentage of body weight loss, the trait of the stool and the presence of occult blood in feces. B: Body weight, one of the DAI parameter, is also represented separately by percentage, where the mice weight at 1^st d of experiment is equal to 100%. C: Colon length is another parameter to evaluate the healthy or disease state of the mice: the mean values in the 4 groups at day 5 are shown. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.0001. DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor α; DAI: Disease activity index.