Endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery: A new therapeutic approach for diseases located around the aorta ventralis

Figure 5 Surgery of endoscopic submucosal dissection and lymph node dissection. A-D: Simulation of ESD of early gastric carcinoma in pigs; E and F: Methylene blue marker injected to the intrinsic muscle layer surrounding the wound; G and H: Dissection of lymph nodes outside the gastric wall; G: Incision of the serosa and muscularis propria; H: Separation of tissues outside the gastric wall; I: A close large gastric perforation using two endoscopes. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.