Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 4 Clinical significance of performing contrast-enhanced computed tomography before colonoscopy for colonic diverticular bleeding

Study	Study design	Sample size1	Detection rate of extravasation on CT (%)	SRH detection rate on CS after extravasation on CT (%)	SRH detection rate on CS after no extravasation on CT (%)	Predictors for extravasation on CT
Obana et al[57]	Prospective	52	15	50	36	History of diverticular bleeding
						Within 2 h of last hematochezia
Nakatsu et al[54]	Retrospective	346	30	68	20	-
Nagata et al[53]	Retrospective	77	31	63	38	History of diverticular bleeding
Sugiyama et al[55]	Retrospective	55	36	60	31	-
Wada et al[118]	Retrospective	100	23	70	-	-
Umezawa et al[56]	Prospective	202	25	76	18	Within 4 h of last hematochezia

¹Patients with colonic diverticular bleeding who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography before colonoscopy. LGIB: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding; CE-CT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; SRH: Stigmata of recent hemorrhage; CS: Colonoscopy; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; PPI: Proton pomp inhibitor; DOAC: Direct-acting oral anticoagulant; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Hb: Hemoglobin; PT-INR: Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; ROC-AUC: The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve; RR: Relative risk; CI: Confidence interval; GIB: Gastrointestinal bleeding; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; OR: Odds ratio; HR: Hazard ratio.