Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 3 Utility of early colonoscopy compared with elective colonoscopy according to randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses

Study	Study design	Sample size	Bleeding source localization	Endoscopic intervention	Surgery required	Rebleeding	Length of stay	Adverse events	Mortality
Green et al[41]	RCT1	100	2.6 (1.1-6.2)4	-	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Laine et al[42]	RCT2	72	NS	-	-	NS	NS	-	-
Sengupta et al[44]	Meta-analysis3	901	2.97 (2.11-4.19)4	3.99 (2.59-6.13)4	NS	NS	-	-	NS
Kouanda et al[43]	Meta-analysis3	24,396	NS	1.70 (1.08-2.67)4	-	NS	-	NS	NS
Seth et al[45]	Meta-analysis3	23,419	SRH detection 2.85 (1.90-4.28)4	NS	NS	NS	NS	-	NS

¹Primary end point was rebleeding;

²Primary end point was further bleeding (continuous bleeding and/or rebleeding);

³Meta-analyses included 2 randomized controlled trials;

⁴Odds ratio (95% confidential interval). RCT: Randomized controlled trial; NS: Not significantly; SRH: Stigmata of recent hemorrhage.