Autophagy activation by Jiang Zhi Granule protects against metabolic stress-induced hepatocyte injury

Figure 2 PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was involved in autophagy in Jiang Zhi Granule-treated cells. A: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA and rapamycin (2 μmol/L) or JZG (100 μg/mL) for 24 h; B: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA and rapamycin (2 μmol/L) or JZG (100 μg/mL) for 48 h; C: HepG2 cells stably expressing mRFP-GFP-LC3 were pretreated with 0.4 mmol/L PA and rapamycin (2 μmol/L) or JZG (100 μg/mL) for 24 h and 48 h, and then analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^eP < 0.001. JZG: Jiang Zhi Granule; PA: Palmitate.