Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine

Figure 5 Percent of vessels present between 5 arcade vessels on the ventral side of the duodenum in different time points. Percent of vessels present between 5 arcade vessels on the ventral side of the duodenum 1 min following ligation before therapy (as 100%) (A); mean ± SD. The gross appearance of the tissue was recorded using a USB microscope camera. The following time points were assessed: A: After ligation and before therapy (1 min); B: 5 min after the application of medication; C: 30 min after the application of medication; D: 24 h after the application of medication. At 1 min post-injury, medication [BPC 157, 10 μg/kg (BPC 157 μg), 10 ng/kg (BPC 157 ng), L-NAME, 5 mg/kg (L-NAME), L-arginine, 100 mg/kg (L-arginine) alone and/or together (L-NAME+L-arginine, BPC 157+L-NAME,BPC 157+L-arginine, BPC 157+L-NAME+L-arginine) 1 mL bath/rat] or an equal volume of a saline was applied to the duodenum of the SAPDV-ligated rats (upper); alternatively, at 1 min post-injury, medication was BPC 157 μg, BPC 157 ng, 1 mL inistillation into the stomach or an equal volume of a saline (saline) instilled into the stomach of the superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-ligated rats (lower). The rats were sacrificed 5 min, 30 min or 24 h later. For clarity, the SD is not shown on the graph; the SD was never higher than 10% of the mean. ^aP < 0.05 vs saline. BPC 157 μg: BPC 157, 10 μg/kg; BPC 157 ng: BPC 157, 10 ng/kg; L-NAME: L-NAME, 5 mg/kg; L-arginine: L-arginine, 100 mg/kg.