Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine

Figure 2 Duodenal lesions as a sum of the longest lesions diameters (left); Inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein and superior mesenteric vein congestion, scored 0-3 (right). The gross appearance of the tissue was recorded using a USB microscope camera. At 1 min post-injury, medication [BPC 157, 10 μg/kg (Bμg), 10 ng/kg (Bng), L-NAME, 5 mg/kg (N), L-arginine, 100 mg/kg (A) alone and /or together (NA, BN, BA, BNA) 1 mL bath/rat] or an equal volume of a saline was applied to the duodenum of the superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (SAPDV)-ligated rats (upper); alternatively, at 1 min post-injury, medication was Bμg i.g., Bng i.g., 1 mL inistillation into the stomach or an equal volume of a saline instilled into the stomach of the SAPDV-ligated rats (CON i.g.) (lower). The rats were sacrificed 5 min, 30 min or 24 h later. ^aP < 0.05 vs saline. Bng: BPC 157, 10 ng/kg; Bμg: BPC 157, 10 μg/kg; N: L-NAME, 5 mg/kg; A: L-arginine, 100 mg/kg; NA: L-NAME+L-arginine; BN: BPC 157+L-NAME; BA: BPC 157+L-arginine; BNA: BPC 157+L-NAME+L-arginine; SAPDV: Superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein.