Clinicopathological parameters predicting recurrence of pT1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 6 Relationship between clinicopathological parameters and the likelihood of having early recurrence (≤ 24 mo) in the 199 pT1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients n (%)

Univariate logistic regression
Parameter		Total	Early recurrence	Odds ratio	95%CI	Global P	P-for-trend
Clinical variable
Sex	Male	142	12 (9)	1
	Female	57	6 (11)	1.28	0.45-3.58	0.65
Age (yr)	< 60	121	15 (12)	1
	≥ 60	78	3 (4)	0.28	0.08-1.01	0.052
Endoscopic variable
Tumor location	Upper thoracic	31	9 (29)	7.95	2.68-23.54	< 0.001
	Middle thoracic	143	7 (5)	1
	Lower thoracic	25	2 (8)	1.69	0.33-8.64	0.53
Tumor size (endoscopically)	< 2 cm	59	4 (7)	1
	≥ 2 cm	140	14 (10)	1.53	0.48-4.85	0.47
Macroscopic	Erosive	73	4 (6)	1
tumor types	Papillary	26	1 (4)	0.69	0.07-6.47	0.75
	Plaque-like	79	7 (9)	1.68	0.47-5.98	0.43
	Ulcerative	9	3 (33)	8.63	1.55-47.86	0.01
	Intraluminal mass	12	3 (25)	5.75	1.10-29.95	0.04
Standard histopathological variable
Tumor invasion depth level	m2	21	0	1.78	1.05-3.01		0.03
	m3	26	1 (4)
	sm1	18	2 (11)
	sm2	45	2 (4)
	sm3	89	13 (15)
Degree of differentiation	Well	39	3 (8)	1
	Moderate	76	6 (8)	1.03	0.24-4.35	0.97
	Poor	56	4 (7)	0.92	0.20-4.38	0.92
	Basaloid	19	4 (21)	3.2	0.64-16.07	0.16
	Spindle cell/sarcomatoid	9	1 (11)	1.5	0.14-16.36	0.74
Angiolymphatic invasion	No	172	10 (6)	1
	Yes	27	8 (30)	6.82	2.40-19.38	< 0.001
Multicentric invasive lesions	No	183	17 (9)	1
	Yes	16	2 (13)	0.65	0.08-5.24	0.69
Number of lymph nodes dissected	< 14	90	11 (12)	1
	≥ 14	109		0.49	0.18-1.33	0.16
Measured histopathological variable
Tumor thickness	< 3000 μm	85	2(2)	1
	≥ 3000 μm	114	16(14)	6.78	1.51-30.33	0.01
Submucosal invasion thickness	0	47	1(2)	4.02	1.66 -9.73		0.001
	0-2000 μm	85	4(5)
	≥ 2000 μm	67	13(19)
Diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion	< 2 cm	134	5(4)	1
	≥ 2 cm	65	13(20)	6.45	2.19-19.00	0.001
Immunohistochemical staining1
P53	Complete loss	50	7 (14)	1.34	0.36-4.98		0.66
	Weak, patchy	41	5 (12)	1
	Diffuse, strong	37	4 (11)	1.15	0.28-4.63		0.85
Cyclin D1	-	38	4 (11)	1.32	0.69-2.54		0.4
	1+	39	4 (10)
	2+	49	8 (16)
EGFR	-	52	4 (8)	1.32	0.69-2.54		0.4
	1+	44	8 (18)
	2+	32	4 (13)
VEGF	-	54	4 (7)	1.59	0.83-3.04		0.16
	1+	34	5 (15)
	2+	35	6 (17)
Multivariate logistic regression
Tumor location	Upper thoracic			7.73	2.15-27.78	0.002
	Middle thoracic			1
	Lower thoracic			1.18	0.20-6.86	0.85
Angiolymphatic invasion				5.75	1.63-20.24	0.006
Submucosal invasion thickness				2.64	0.92-7.60	0.07
Diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion				4.13	1.17-14.56	0.03

¹Available in tissue microarray cases. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NA: Not associated.