Clinicopathological parameters predicting recurrence of pT1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 5 Relationship between clinicopathological parameters and distant tumor recurrence in the 189 informative patients¹

Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis
Parameter		Total	Distant recurrences (%)	HR	95%CI	Global P	P-for-trend
Clinical variables
Sex	Male	136	14 (10)	1
	Female	53	2 (4)	0.33	0.07-1.44	0.14
Age (yr)	< 60	118	8 (7)	1
	≥ 60	71	8 (11)	2.18	0.79-6.02	0.13
Symptoms	No	13	0	1
	Yes	176	16 (9)	23.59	0.01-40030	0.41
Endoscopic variables
Tumor location	Upper thoracic	30	5 (17)	3.56	1.15-11.07	0.03
	Middle thoracic	135	8 (6)	1
	Lower thoracic	24	3 (13)	2.37	0.63-8.94	0.2
Tumor size (measured endoscopically)	< 2 cm	55	6 (11)	1
	≥ 2 cm	134	10 (8)	0.76	0.27-2.09	0.59
Macroscopic type	Erosive	71	5 (7)	1
	Papillary	26	2 (8)	1.11	0.21-5.75	0.9
	Plaque-like	72	5 (7)	0.95	0.27-3.31	0.94
	Ulcerative	8	2 (25)	5.58	1.06-29.32	0.04
	Intraluminal mass	12	2 (17)	5.41	1.02-28.68	0.047
Standard histopathological variable
Tumor invasion depth level	m2	21	0	1.42	0.91-2.21		0.13
	m3	26	2 (8)
	sm1	16	1 (6)
	sm2	43	4 (9)
	sm3	83	9 (11)
Degree of differentiation	Well	36	1 (3)	1
	Moderate	73	5 (7)	2.19	0.25-18.98	0.48
	Poor	54	6 (11)	3.93	0.47-32.89	0.21
	Basaloid	17	3 (18)	12.4	1.27-121.08	0.03
	Spindle cell/sarcomatoid	9	1 (11)	5.73	0.35 -92.90	0.22
Angiolymphatic invasion	No	166	11 (7)	1
	Yes	23	5 (22)	3.38	1.15-9.93	0.03
Multicentric invasive lesions	No	173	15 (9)	1
	Yes	16	1 (6)	0.92	0.12-7.00	0.93
Number of lymph nodes dissected	< 14	85	7 (8)	1
	≥ 14	104	9 (9)	0.95	0.36-2.57	0.93
Measured histopathological variable
Tumor thickness	< 3000 μm	82	6 (7)	1
	≥ 3000 μm	107	10 (9)	1.53	0.56-4.21	0.42
Submucosal	0	47	2 (4)	1.88	0.91-3.90		0.09
invasion thickness	< 2000 μm	80	7 (9)
	≥ 2000 μm	62	7 (11)
Diameter of the	< 2 cm	126	9 (7)	1
largest invasive lesion	≥ 2 cm	63	7 (11)	2.56	0.92-7.15	0.07
Immunohistochemical staining2
P53	Complete loss	47	6 (13)	1.78	0.44-7.16	0.42
	Weak, patchy	40	3 (8)	1
	Diffuse, strong	34	6 (18)	2.31	0.58-9.25	0.24
Cyclin D1	-	35	5 (14)	0.94	0.51-1.74		0.84
	+	37	5 (14)
	++	47	5 (11)
EGFR	-	52	9 (17)	0.63	0.31-1.28		0.2
	+	40	4 (10)
	++	29	2 (7)
VEGF	-	50	6 (12)	0.95	0.50-1.81		0.88
	+	33	3 (9)
	++	33	4 (12)
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis
Parameter
Tumor location	Upper thoracic			3.83	1.23-11.96	0.02
	Middle thoracic			1
	Lower thoracic			1.95	0.50-7.54	0.34
Angiolymphatic invasion				3.55	1.17-10.77	0.03

¹Excluding 10 patients with an unknown site of recurrence;

²Available in tissue microarray cases. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; 5-yr RFS: 5-year recurrence free survival; 10-yr RFS: 10-year recurrence free survival; NA: Not associated.