Clinicopathological parameters predicting recurrence of pT1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 3 Relationship of clinicopathological parameters with recurrence-free survival and tumor recurrence in the 199 pT1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients n (%)

Parameter		Total	Recurrences	Kaplan-Meier analysis			Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis
				5-yr RFS (%)	10-yr RFS (%)	P-value	HR	95%CI	Global P	P-for-trend
Clinical variable
Sex	Male	142	33 (23)	81	71.6	0.97	1
	Female	57	14 (25)	80	72.7		1.011	0.54-1.89	0.97
Age (yr)	< 60	121	28 (23)	79.2	74.1	0.6	1
	≥ 60	78	19 (24)	82.9	66.4		1.17	0.65-2.10	0.6
Symptoms	No	13	0	100	100	0.03	1
	Yes	186	47 (25)	79.2	69.8		23.54	0.28-2017	0.16
Endoscopic variable
Tumor location	Upper thoracic	31	15 (48)	55.9	44.7	< 0.001	3.46	1.83-6.54	< 0.001
	Middle thoracic	143	26 (18)	85.2	78.5		1
	Lower thoracic	25	6 (24)	86.5	65.4		1.49	0.61-3.63	0.38
Tumor size (endoscopically)	< 2 cm	59	16 (27)	79.3	69.7	0.53	1
	≥ 2 cm	140	31 (22)	81.2	73		0.82	0.45-1.51	0.53
Macroscopic	Erosive	73	12 (16)	87.2	78	0.001	1
tumor type	Papillary	26	4 (15)	90.2	90.2		0.98	0.32-3.06	0.98
	Plaque-like	79	21 (27)	75.8	68.6		1.64	0.81-3.25	0.13
	Ulcerative	9	6 (67)	53.3	26.7		6.06	2.26-16.26	< 0.001
	Intraluminal mass	12	4 (33)	74.1	49.4		3.94	1.26-12.32	0.02
Standard histopathological variable
Tumor invasion depth level	m2	21	1 (5)	94.1	94.1	0.04	1.52	1.14-1.97		0.004
	m3	26	3 (12)	96.2	88.1
	sm1	18	4 (22)	81.4	81.4
	sm2	45	11 (25)	83.8	74.8
	sm3	89	28 (31)	70.6	58.6
Degree of differentiation	Well	39	10 (26)	79.5	65	0.02	1
	Moderate	76	15 (20)	84.7	82		0.73	0.33-1.63	0.44
	Poor	56	13 (23)	80.7	67.8		0.92	0.40-2.11	0.92
	Basaloid	19	8 (42)	58.3	35		2.88	1.13-7.38	0.03
	Spindle cell/sarcomatoid	9	1 (11)	88.9	88.9		0.54	0.07-4.21	0.55
Angiolymphatic invasion	No	172	33 (19)	84.6	75.3	< 0.001	1
	Yes	27	14 (52)	55.4	49.9		3.48	1.85-6.52	< 0.001
Multicentric invasive lesions	No	183	45 (25)	80.2	70.9	0.42	1
	Yes	16	2 (13)	86.5	86.5		0.56	0.14-2.32	0.42
Number of lymph nodes dissected	< 14	90	24 (27)	72.7	70.2	0.25	1
	≥ 14	109	23 (21)	87.2	73.8		0.72	0.41-1.27	0.26
Measured histopathological variable
Tumor thickness	< 3000 μm	85	13 (15)	90	79.3	0.005	1
	≥ 3000 μm	114	34 (30)	73.2	65.7		2.41	1.27-4.56	0.007
Submucosal	0	47	4 (9)	95.5	90.5	0.001	2.24	1.44-3.46		< 0.001
invasion thickness	1-2000 μm	85	19 (22)	82.8	74.4
	≥ 2000 μm	67	24 (36)	67.4	56.4
Diameter of the	< 2 cm	134	27 (20)	85.5	75.7	0.008	1
largest single tongue of invasion	≥ 2 cm	65	20 (31)	70.1	64.1		2.15	1.20-3.85	0.01
Immunohistochemical staining1
P53	Complete loss	50	19 (38)	64.8	59.5	0.33	2.43	1.02-5.79	0.045
	Weak, patchy	41	7 (17)	81.8	81.8		1
	Diffuse, strong	37	12 (33)	88.6	78.2		1.88	0.74-4.77	0.19
Cyclin D1	-	38	14 (37)	71.3	56.4	0.88	0.93	0.64-1.36		0.72
	1+	39	11 (28)	80.7	73.7
	2+	49	14 (29)	68.7	68.7
EGFR	-	52	13 (25)	82.9	75.6	0.27	1.15	0.78-1.69		0.49
	1+	44	17 (39)	65.6	51.3
	2+	32	9 (28)	70.2	68
VEGF	-	54	15 (28)	76	67.3	0.59	1.05	0.72-1.54		0.79
	1+	34	12 (35)	74.1	59.6
	2+	35	10 (29)	72.2	72.2

¹Available in tissue microarray cases. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; 5-yr RFS: 5-year recurrence free survival; 10-yr RFS: 10-year recurrence free survival; NA: Not associated.