Risk factors and prediction score for chronic pancreatitis: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of 3739 patients n (%)

	Total	Derivationcohort	Validation cohort	P value
Sample size	3739	2493	1246
Age, yr	53.04 ± 17	52.98 ± 17.08	53.18 ± 16.84	0.735
Gender, male	2400 (64.19)	1590 (63.78)	810 (65.01)	0.460
Monthly income, NTD	15423.5 ± 13018.5	15405.6 ± 13071.9	15459.1 ± 12916.2	0.906
Geographic location
Northern Taiwan	1619 (43.3)	1085 (43.52)	534 (42.86)	0.725
Central Taiwan	780 (20.86)	518 (20.78)	262 (21.03)	0.893
Southern Taiwan	1183 (31.64)	790 (31.69)	393 (31.54)	0.957
Eastern Taiwan and Islands	157 (4.2)	100 (4.01)	57 (4.57)	0.470
Charlson’s comorbidity index score	2.55 ± 2.21	2.56 ± 2.22	2.52 ± 2.19	0.574
Comorbidities
Obesity	17 (0.45)	11 (0.44)	6 (0.48)	0.863
Hypertension	1456 (38.94)	984 (39.47)	472 (37.88)	0.348
Hyperlipidemia	1048 (28.03)	698 (28)	350 (28.09)	0.953
Diabetes mellitus	994 (26.58)	658 (26.39)	336 (26.97)	0.709
Chronic kidney disease	498 (13.32)	332 (13.32)	166 (13.32)	0.996
Alcohol use-related codes	806 (21.56)	533 (21.38)	273(21.91)	0.710
Smoking related codes	1261 (33.73)	849 (34.06)	412 (33.07)	0.546
Long-term medication use
Statin	569 (15.22)	385 (15.44)	184 (14.77)	0.588
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor	472 (12.62)	327 (13.12)	145 (11.64)	0.199
Prednisolone	74 (1.98)	56 (2.25)	18 (1.44)	0.097
Hydrochlorothiazide	41 (1.1)	29 (1.16)	12 (0.96)	0.580
Sex hormone	180 (4.81)	129 (5.17)	51 (4.09)	0.145
Metformin	434 (11.61)	290 (11.63)	144 (11.56)	0.946
Number of episode RAP
1	2645 (70.74)	1769 (70.96)	876 (70.3)	0.707
2	599 (16.02)	403 (16.17)	196 (15.73)	0.768
3	234 (6.26)	153 (6.14)	81 (6.5)	0.718
≥ 4	261 (6.98)	168 (6.74)	93 (7.46)	0.452
Outcomes
Chronic pancreatitis	174 (4.65)	113 (4.53)	61 (4.90)	0.619
Follow-up duration, yr	6.13 ± 3.53	6.12 ± 3.52	6.17 ± 3.57	0.685

RAP: Recurrent acute pancreatitis; NTD: New Taiwan Dollars.