Increased end-stage renal disease risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population of patients without (control) or with inflammatory bowel disease n (%)

	IBD			CD			UC
	Non-IBD control (n = 116436)	IBD cohort (n = 38812)	P value	Non-CD control (n = 37755)	CD cohort (n = 12585)	P value	Non-UC control (n = 78681)	UC cohort (n = 26227)	P value
Age, yr1	40.0 ± 16.7	40.0 ± 16.7	-	30.7 ± 14.6	30.7 ± 14.6	-	44.4 ± 15.8	44.4 ± 15.8	-
< 15	3639 (3.1)	1213(3.1)		2562 (6.8)	854 (6.8)		1077 (1.4)	359 (1.4)
15-39	56679 (48.7)	18893 (48.7)		26577 (70.4)	8859 (70.4)		30102 (38.3)	10034 (38.3)
≥ 40	56118 (48.2)	18706 (48.2)		8616 (22.8)	2872 (22.8)		47502 (60.4)	15834 (60.4)
Male gender	71040 (61.0)	23680 (61.0)	-	26451 (70.1)	8817 (70.1)	-	44589 (56.7)	14863 (56.7)	-
Rural residence	62045 (53.3)	19312 (49.8)	< 0.001	20043 (53.1)	6163 (49.0)	< 0.001	42002 (53.4)	13149 (50.1)	< 0.001
Lowest income 20%2	33008 (28.4)	9316 (24.0)	< 0.001	10705 (28.4)	3229 (25.7)	< 0.001	22303 (28.6)	6087 (23.2)	< 0.001
DM	5786 (5.0)	1612 (4.2)	< 0.001	845 (2.3)	280 (2.2)	0.931	4941 (6.3)	1332 (5.1)	< 0.001
Hypertension	14958 (12.9)	4494 (11.6)	< 0.001	2294 (6.1)	665 (5.3)	0.001	12664 (16.1)	3829 (14.6)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	8620 (7.4)	2718 (7.0)	0.009	1358 (3.6)	376 (3.0)	0.001	7262 (9.2)	2342 (8.9)	0.145
Congestive heart failure	781 (0.7)	356 (0.9)	< 0.001	119 (0.3)	85 (0.7)	< 0.001	662 (0.8)	271 (1.0)	0.004
Ischemic heart disease	4028 (3.5)	1747 (4.5)	< 0.001	616 (1.6)	381 (3.0)	< 0.001	3412 (4.3)	1366 (5.2)	< 0.001
Gout and/or hyperuricemia	1552 (1.3)	650 (1.7)	< 0.001	320 (0.9)	211 (1.7)	< 0.001	1232 (1.6)	439 (1.7)	< 0.001
Medications for IBD
5-ASA	121 (0.1)	36288 (93.5)	< 0.001	32 (0.1)	11233 (89.3)	< 0.001	89 (0.1)	25055 (95.5)	< 0.001
Corticosteroids	0 (0.0)	22284 (57.4)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	7382 (58.7)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	14902 (56.8)	< 0.001
Immunomodulators	0 (0.0)	10356 (26.7)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	6982 (55.5)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	3374 (12.9)	< 0.001
Anti-TNF-α	0 (0.0)	2103 (5.4)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	1659 (13.2)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	444 (1.7)	< 0.001
Follow-up period, yr1	4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3	0.337	4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3	0.004	4.9 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.3	0.418

¹Mean ± SD;

²Defined as patients whose income was in the bottom 20%. ASA: Aminosalicylic acid; CD: Crohn’s disease; DM: Diabetic mellitus; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; UC: Ulcerative colitis.