Mucosal adhesion and anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the human colonic mucosa: A proof-of-concept study

Figure 3 Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on cytokine expression in the colon was evaluated by the ex vivo organ culture experimental model. A: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mRNA quantification in proximal (n = 15) and distal (n = 20) colon biopsies from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients incubated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) conditioned media (CM) and control biopsies; B: IL-17 mRNA quantification in proximal and distal colon biopsies from UC patients incubated with LGG CM and control biopsies; C: TNFα mRNA quantification in proximal and distal colon biopsies (n = 8 per group) from normal subjects incubated with LGG CM and control biopsies. ^aP < 0.05. TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; LGG: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; UC: Ulcerative colitis.