Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor 31 as a poor prognosticator in human colorectal cancer

Table 4 Cox multivariate analysis of prognostic factors on overall survival and disease-free survival

Variable	Training cohort			Validation cohort
	Hazards ratio	95%CI	P value	Hazards ratio	95%CI	P value
Overall survival
Age (≥ 58.4 vs < 58.4)	2.344	1.365-4.025	0.002a	1.722	0.788-3.760	0.173
CEA, ng/mL (≥ 5 vs < 5)	2.236	1.284-3.894	0.004a	1.437	0.745-2.773	0.279
CA199, ng/mL (≥ 37 vs < 37)	1.382	0.780-2.448	0.267	1.189	0.543-2.604	0.665
Differentiation (poor vs well/moderate)	1.913	1.045-3.503	0.036a	0.940	0.420-2.103	0.880
pT classification (T3/T4 vs T1/T2)	1.489	0.619-3.581	0.374	7.890	1.028-60.588	0.047a
pN classification (N1 vs N0)	1.855	1.116-3.084	0.017a	2.210	1.059-4.613	0.035a
pM classification (M1 vs M0)	11.836	5.801-24.148	< 0.001b	2.706	1.307-5.604	0.007a
GPR31 expression (high vs low)	1.896	1.123-3.202	0.017a	2.254	1.168-4.349	0.015a
Disease-free survival
Age (≥ 58.4 vs < 58.4)	2.003	1.200-3.344	0.008a	1.159	0.598-2.247	0.661
CEA, ng/mL (≥ 5 vs < 5)	1.965	1.147-3.366	0.014a	1.247	0.686-2.267	0.469
CA199, ng/mL (≥ 37 vs < 37)	1.459	0.824-2.585	0.195	1.103	0.529-2.300	0.794
Differentiation (poor vs well/moderate)	1.609	0.884-2.929	0.119	0.881	0.424-1.830	0.734
pT classification (T3/T4 vs T1/T2)	1.749	0.719-4.254	0.218	13.092	1.738-98.636	0.013*
pN classification (N1 vs N0)	1.809	1.108-2.953	0.018a	1.787	0.936-3.412	0.079
pM classification (M1 vs M0)	10.233	5.128-20.420	< 0.001b	2.741	1.408-5.334	0.003a
GPR31 expression (high vs low)	1.766	1.069-2.917	0.026a	1.825	1.001-3.325	0.049a

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.001; CI: Confidence interval; GPR31: G protein-coupled receptor 31; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.