Extracellular vesicles in liver disease and beyond

Figure 2 Role of extracellular vesicles during pathologic processes inside and outside the liver. Intrahepatic extracellular vesicles in non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extrahepatic EVs play a fundamental role in pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurodegenerative disorders and immunopathological disorders. EVs: Extracellular vesicles; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; DILI: Drug-induced liver injury; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases.