Hepatocellular carcinoma in Latin America: Diagnosis and treatment challenges

Table 1 Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in Latin America

Study	Population	Design	Results
Fassio et al[8]	n = 240 HCC Brazil, Arg, Colombia, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela	Prospective cohort (Surveillance retrospectively analyzed)	54% under surveillance; BCLC A 70% vs 39% not under surveillance; No survival analysis
Paranaguá-Vezozzo et al[9]	n = 884 Cirrhosis Child A-B Brazil, Sao Paulo	Retrospective cohort US ± AFP annual	HCC annual incidence 2.9%; 75% under annual surveillance; 80% within Milan, better survival
Piñero et al[10]	n = 643 Cirrhosis, waiting list for liver transplantation. Argentina	Retrospective cohort Surveillance Failure = incidental HCC in the explant	US accuracy: S 33% and E 99%
Campos Appel-da-Silva et al[11]	n = 453 Child A-C Cirrhosis Brazil, Porto Alegre	Retrospective cohort US ± AFP every 6 mo	50.7% under surveillance; More BCLC 0-A vs no screening; Better survival within Milan criteria
Debes et al[12]	n = 1336 HCC Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador	Retrospective cohort	47% under surveillance; Better survival vs symptomatic diagnosis (adjusted for lead-time bias)

BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; US: Ultrasound.