ATP-binding cassette transporters in progression and clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer: What is the way forward?

Table 2 Selected ATP-binding cassette transporters responsible for the development of multi-drug resistance, their experimental inhibitors and drug specificity

ABC transporter	Inhibitor	MDR	Ref.
ABCB1	I generation:Cyclosporine A, Verapamil	Daunorubicin, epirobicin, doxorubicin, colchicines, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vincristine, vinblastine, imatinib	[46,145,146,171]
	II generation: Valspodar, zosuquidar
	III generation: Tariquidar, OC144-093
ABCC1	MK571, probenecid, ibrutinib, 3ATA	Anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, camptothecins, daunorubicin, imatinib, etoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, methotrexate	[46,145,146,172]
ABCC2	Metothrexate, cyclosporine A, fluorescein, MK571	Doxorubicin, cisplatin, irinotecan, epirubicin, vinblastine	[46,145,146,171,173]
ABCC3	Indomethacin, sufinpyrazone, probenecid, benzmromarone	Etoposide, methotrexate, teniposide	[46,145,146,171,173]
ABCC5	Curcumin, trequensin, sildenafil	Gemcitabine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine	[46,145,146,171,173]
ABCG2	Fumitremorgin C, Ko143, GF120918	Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, irinotecan, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, epirubicin, etoposide	[46,145,146,171]

MDR: Multi-drug resistance; ABC: ATP-binding cassette.