Copyright
©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2018; 24(25): 2673-2685
Published online Jul 7, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2673
Published online Jul 7, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2673
Base material | Main compound/agent | Mode of action | Ref. |
Extracts | |||
Mushroom | Coriolus versicolor extract | Reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 | [68] |
Reduced STAT1 and STAT6 | |||
Cordiceps militaris extract | Decreased epithelial damage | [70] | |
Suppressed iNOS and TNF-α mRNA expression | |||
Inonotus obliquus extract | Suppressed TNF-α, COX-2, and IFN-γ | [73] | |
Ganoderma lucidum extract | Inhibited MAPK phosphorylation and NF-κB activation | [74] | |
Decreased histological score | |||
Fruit extracts | |||
Prunus mume | Prunus mume extract | Suppressed mucosal damage, TNF-α, and iNOS expressions | [75] |
Pomegranate | Pomegranate extract (ellagitannins and ellagic acid) | Decreased the expression of TNF-α, COX-2, IL-4, and STAT6 | [77] |
Prevented the translocation of NF-κB | [78] | ||
Cranberry | Cranberry fruit/extract | Modulated NF-κB and IL-1β signaling | [79] |
Blueberry extract | Attenuated colon shortening | ||
Suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines | [80] | ||
Averrhoa bilimbi | Averrhoa bilimbi L. extract | Prevented oxidation | |
Inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators | [81] | ||
Aronia melanocarpa | Arronia melanocarpa juice | Reduced NF-κB translocation | |
Ginger | Ginger extract (zingerone) | Decreased mucosal injury | [82] |
Marine food | Decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines | [83] | |
Haliotis discus hannai Ino extract | Improved colonic damage | [84] | |
Decreased TBARS concentration | |||
Suppressed NF-κB and IL-1β | |||
Green algae extract | Suppressed colonic tissue damage | ||
Downregulated IFN-γ and IL-4 | |||
Ameliorated colonic tissue damage | |||
Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines | |||
Phytochemicals | Apple polyphenols | Reduced COX-2 and TNF-α | [85] |
Recovered transglutaminase protein | |||
Resveratrol | Suppressed NF-κB and TNF-α | [86] | |
Reduced clinical score | |||
Cardamonin | Reduced histopathological damage | [18] | |
Reduced iNOS, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, and caspase-3 | |||
Suppressed IL-1β and TNF-α | |||
Ginsenoside Rg1 | Reduced colonic damage and DAI | [90] | |
Improved colon shortening and DAI | |||
Sulforaphane | Suppressed STAT3 expression | [91] | |
Curcumin | Reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and MPO | [92] | |
Attenuated morphological damage |
- Citation: Mijan MA, Lim BO. Diets, functional foods, and nutraceuticals as alternative therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Present status and future trends. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24(25): 2673-2685
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v24/i25/2673.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2673