Dynamic alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome during the development of methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Table 1 Effects of the methionine-choline-deficient diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hepatic triglycerides levels

	Control 2w	MCD 2w	Control 4w	MCD 4w
NAS	0.17 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.17a	0.33 ± 0.21	4.83 ± 0.31cfj
Steatosis	0.00 ± 0.00	1.17 ± 0.17b	0.33 ± 0.21	2.50 ± 0.22cej
Inflammation	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	1.17 ± 0.17bei
Ballooning	0.17 ± 0.17	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	1.17 ± 0.31
TG (nmol/mg protein)	179.41 ± 21.72	592.88 ± 55.84b	204.45 ± 6.76e	731.60 ± 113.46ah
ALT (U/L)	19.33 ± 0.88	413.83 ± 81.77a	34.83 ± 2.64bd	974.17 ± 163.00ah
AST (U/L)	105.50 ± 10.55	327.33 ± 39.92a	109.83 ± 11.91d	749.677 ± 92.34bdi

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 and

^cP < 0.001 vs Control 2w group,

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01 and

^fP < 0.001 vs MCD 2w group,

^hP < 0.05,

ⁱP < 0.01 and

^jP < 0.001 vs Control 4w group. The data are shown as the means ± SEM of 6 mice per group. MCD: Methionine-choline-deficient; NAS: NAFLD activity score; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglycerides; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.