Ischemia/reperfusion injury in porcine intestine - Viability assessment

Table 3 Summary of main findings from light microscopy of 128 biopsies from 5 pigs at selected intervals of ischemia/reperfusion time

Ischemia	1 h isc, 8 h rep	2 h isc, 8 h rep	3 h isc, 8 h rep	4 h isc, 8 h rep	6 h isc, 8 h rep	8 h isc, 8 h rep	Control
I-1: Early loss of SE1	I-1: Early loss of SE1	I-2: Total loss of SE2	I-3: Early loss of CE, congestion and bleeding LP2	I-4: Total loss of SE, focal damage to outer layer of MP2	I-6: Total loss of CE, damage to LP, MM. Bacteria in LP2	I-8: Damage to all components3	N-0: Normal1
I-2: Total loss of SE2	I-1/R-1: Total loss of SE, apoptosis in CE, light N2	I-2/R-1: Apoptosis in CE, light N, congestion and focal bleeding in LP2	I-3/R-1: Apoptosis in CE, N, wavy myocytes in MP2	I-4/R-1: Focal damage to both layers of MP (most to outer layer)2	I-6/R-1: Damage to all components3	I-8/R-1: Damage to all components3	N-6: Few instances of apoptosis in CE, light N and light edema in MP1
I-3: Early loss of CE2	I-1/R-3: Focal damage to outer layer of MP2	I-2/R-3: Early regeneration of SE, congestion, bleeding and necrosis in LP, apoptosis in CE, interstitial inflammation in MP2	I-3/R-3: Edema, inflammation, and focal necrosis in outer layer of MP2	I-4/R-3: Total loss of CE, NGR, cell disintegration in MM and MP3	I-6/R-3: Damage to all components3	I-8/R-3: Damage to all components3	N-12: Few instances of apoptosis in CE, light N and light edema in MP1
I-4: Focal damage to outer layer of MP2	I-1/R-6: SE regenerated. Focal damage to outer layer of MP1	I-2/R-6: Regeneration of SE, wavy myocytes and focal necrosis in MP2	I-3/R-6: Most of CE is lost, wavy myocytes and focal necrosis in MP2	I-4/R-6: Total loss of CE, NGR, loss of myocytes, disintegration3	I-6/R-6: Damage to all components3	I-8/R-6: Damage to all components3
I-5: Damage to inner layer of MP2	I-1/R-8: SE regenerated. Focal damage to outer layer of MP1	I-2/R-8: Regeneration of SE with focal loss and erosion, focal damage to the MP with wavy myocytes and necrosis2	I-3/R-8: Most of CE is lost, wavy myocytes and focal necrosis in both layers of MP2	I-4/R-8: Damaged SE, CE, MM, submucosa, MP, PM3	I-6/R-8: Damage to all components3	I-8/R-8: Damage to all components3
I-6: Total loss of CE, damage to LP, MM and bacteria in LP3
I-7: Hemorrhage in subserosa, peritonitis, and damage to all components3
I ≥ 8: Damage to all components3

Each column shows the results from a series of tissue samples, with time progression from the top to the bottom. The table is indexed using “I” for ischemia, “R” for reperfusion and “N” for normal perfusion, followed by a number showing the hour duration. The results are indexed by a superscript number by the end of each sentence.

¹Normal/light changes,

²Visible cell damage, but still probably viable,

³Probably irreversible cell damage. CE: Crypt epithelium; LP: Lamina propria; MM: Muscularis mucosae; MP: Muscularis propria; N: Neutrophils; SE: Surface epithelium.