Anti-integrin therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Comparison of properties of anti-tumor necrosis factor and gut-specific anti-integrin therapy

	Anti-TNF therapy	Gut-specific anti-integrin therapy
Mechanism of action	TNF-α inhibitor	α4β7-integrin inhibitor
Available agents	Infliximab (UC, CD)	Vedolizumab (UC, CD)
	Adalimumab (UC, CD)
	Certolizumab pegol (CD)
	Golimumab (UC)
Therapeutic efficacy	Frequent loss of response during maintenance therapy	Modest effect on induction therapy for CD
Side effects	Infections, reactivation of latent tuberculosis, potential risk of lymphoma	Nasopharyngitis, arthralgia, headache, nausea
Immunogenicity	Measure the ADA if available	No significant immunogenicity
	Add immunomodulator (infliximab)

TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; ADA: Antidrug antibodies.