NOD2- and disease-specific gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Crohn’s disease patients

Table 3 Genes selected for real-time PCR studies

Transcript	Fold changes: patients vs controls				Details on function/ reasons to study
	Basal	+D, -L/P	-D, +L/P	+D, +L/P
MSR1	9.56	13.19		14.72	macrophage scavenger receptor[49]; differentially expressed in 3 of 4 groups
CD101	2.66				expressed on various immune cells; inhibits expansion of colitogenic T cells[30]
CLEC5A		2.82		3.11	C-type lectin member 5A, pattern recognition receptor; involved in antibacterial/antiviral defense[43]
CLEC7A	4.53			3.94	C-type lectin member 7A, pattern recognition receptor; control of fungal infections[50]
CLEC12A	6.04	4.52			C-type lectin member 12A, pattern recognition receptor, inhibits cell death-induced inflammation[51]
ITGAM	2.18				CD11b; integrin αM; expressed by many immune cells; polymorphisms linked to autoimmunity[52]
LYZ			3.51	2.03	antimicrobial enzyme; essential role in innate immunity; increased production linked to CD[31]
PECAM1	3.15				CD31; implicated in transendothelial leukocyte migration in experimental colitis[32]
CCL20	-2.33		-5.08		chemokine expressed by neutrophils, enterocytes, Bcells and dendritic cell; IBD predilection gene[33]
CXCL5	-38.89		-5.32		regulates neutrophil homeostasis and chemotaxis; increased serum levels in IBD patients reported[34]
IL-24			-3.49	-4.82	Involved in host defence against bacteria and fungi; increased expression in patients with active IBD[35]
TREM1					amplifier of antimicrobial immune responses and inflammation in experimental colitis and IBD[36]

P < 0.05; Threshold: ≥ 2-fold change. Positive values refer to genes upregulated and negative values to genes downregulated in CD patients. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; PGN: Peptidoglycan; PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases.