Relationship between intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis: Mechanisms and clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation

Table 2 Recent randomized, controlled trials of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis patients

Ref.	Rossen et al[69], 2015	Moayyedi et al[70], 2015	Paramsothy et al[96], 2017
n (UC/placebo)	48 (23/25)	75 (38/37)	85 (42/43)
UC arm	50 mL, nasoduodenal, healthy donors	50 mL enema, healthy donors	150 mL, colonoscopic, unrelated donors
Placebo arm	Autologous FMT	50 mL enema, water	150 mL, colonoscopic, isotonic saline
Frequency	At weeks 0 and 3	Once weekly for 6 wk	5 d per week for 8 wk
Evaluation criterion	Remission (SCCAI ≤ 2 + ≥ 1-point decrease in the Mayo endoscopic score) at week 12	Remission (a Mayo score ≤ 2 with an endoscopic Mayo score of 0) at week 7	Remission (Mayo score ≤ 2, all subscores ≤ 1, and ≥ 1 point reduction in endoscopic subscore) at week 8.
Results	30% with FMT vs 20% controls (P = 0.51)	24% with FMT vs 5% placebo (P = 0.03)	27% with FMT vs 8% placebo (P = 0.021)

FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation; UC: Ulcerative colitis.