Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations

Table 5 Screening tests characteristics

Screening test	Specificity/sensitivity for advanced adenoma detection (%)	Specificity/sensitivity for CRC detection (%)	Price (USD)	Participation rates after first-time invitation (%)[56]	Decreased mortality for CRC (%)	Risk of complications (%)[63]
gFOBT	95.4/8.6[64]	97.7/23.8[39]	5[61]-23[60]	47	14[65]-32[7]	0
FIT	96.8-97.4/20.3-25.7[64]	94.0 79.0[66]	23[60]-25[61]	42	59[65]	0
FS	87.0/95.0[67]		169[60]-238[61]	35	33[65] - 50[10]	Perforation: 0.01 Major bleeds: 0.02
Colonoscopy	91.3/92.9 (for adenomas > 10 mm)[68]	100.0/91.2[68]	645[60]-803[61]	28	61[65]- 65[48]	Perforation: 0.04 Major bleeds: 0.08
sDNA test	89.81/42.4[69]	89.81/92.3[69]	150[61]	NR	NR	0
CTC	87.3/91.2 (for adenomas > 10 mm)[68]	99.0/96.8[68]	570[60]	22	NR	Perforation: Less than 0.02

¹Specificity was not defined separately for advanced adenoma detection and colorectal cancer detection. CRC: Colorectal cancer; gFOBT: Guaiac fecal occult blood test; FIT: Fecal immunochemical test; FS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy; sDNA test: Stool DNA test; CTC: CT colonography; NR: Not reported.