Surgical specimen extraction via a prophylactic ileostomy procedure: A minimally invasive technique for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery

Table 2 Operative outcomes

Variable	Experimental group (n = 155)	Control group (n = 176)	P value
Operating time (min; mean ± SD)	161.3 ± 21.5	168.8 ± 20.5	0.001
Estimated blood loss (mL; mean ± SD)	77.4 ± 30.7	85.9 ± 35.5	0.020
Diameter of stoma (cm; mean ± SD)	4.7 ± 0.5	4.0 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Time to first flatus (d; mean ± SD)	1.2 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.3	0.586
Time to first oral intake (d; mean ± SD)	1.9 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.5	0.062
Postoperative hospitalization (d; mean ± SD)	6.3 ± 1.3	6.5 ± 1.2	0.199
Postoperative pain score (mean ± SD)
The first day	2.6 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 1.1	< 0.001
The second day	1.6 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.7	0.012
The third day	0.6 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.6	0.628
No. of conversions to open surgery (%)	5 (3.2)	6 (3.4)	1.000