Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review

Table 2 Glucose abnormalities and severe liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus-infected patients

Ref.	Year	Country	Number of HCV patients	Patient profile	Glucose abnormality	Statistical method	Association with severe fibrosis1	Genotypes	Statistics
Konrad et al[42]	2000	Germany	10	Non DM	FPG	Multivariate	Yes	All	P = 0.01
Sud et al[61]	2004	Australia	170	-	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 1.47 [1.14, 1.89]; P = 0.003
Muzzi et al[62]	2005	Switzerland	221	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All (except G3)	OR = 1.57 [1.04, 2.39]
D'souza et al[63]	2005	United Kingdom	59	-	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	P = 0.001
Taura et al[64]	2006	Japan	83	-	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 7.32 [1.59, 33.73]; P = 0.01
Leandro et al[65]	2006	Italy	3068	-	DM	Multivariate	Yes	G1	OR = 4.52 [1.07, 19.1]; P = 0.011
Bugianesi et al[66]	2006	Italy	132	G3 with steatosis	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G3	OR = 2.98 [1.13, 7.89]; P = 0.028
Kita et al[67]	2007	Japan	68	Post tranfusion hepatitis	DM	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 8.4 [2.23, 31.54]; P = 0.002
Petta et al[68]	2008	Italy	201	G1	DM	Multivariate	Yes	G1	OR = 2.69 [1.46, 4.95]; P < 0.001
Moucari et al[33]	2008	France	500	-	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 1.8 [1.16, 2.81]; P = 0.009
Cua et al[69]	2008	Australia	346	G1, G3, untreated	IR	Multivariate	Yes	G3	OR = 3.15 [1.56, 6.35]; P = 0.001
Hsu et al[70]	2009	Taiwan	528	G1, G2	FPG	Multivariate	Yes	G1	OR = 13.72 [2.15, 87.7]; P < 0.05
Moucari et al[71]	2009	France	226	G4	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G4	OR = 3.86 [1.859, 8.034]; P < 0.001
Persico et al[60]	2009	Italy	726	-	DM	Multivariate	Yes	All	P < 0.05
Hung et al[14]	2011	Taiwan	1470	-	DM	Univariate	Yes	All	P < 0.001
Patel et al[72]	2011	Asia	263	G2, G3	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G2 and G3	OR = 8.42 [2.1, 34.3]; P = 0.003
Mohamed et al[73]	2011	Egypt	50	G4	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G4	OR = 3.73; P = 0.001
Miyaaki et al[74]	2011	Japan	171	-	DM	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 8.739 [2.85, 26.85]; P = 0.0002
Conjeevaram et al[75]	2011	United States	341	G1	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G1	OR = 1.28 [1.07, 1.51]; P = 0.005
Petta et al[56]	2011	Italy	170	G1	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G1	OR = 2.64 [1.11, 6.28]; P = 0.02
Khattab et al[76]	2012	Egypt	107	G4	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	G4	OR = 1.87 [1.09, 8.29]; P = 0.04
Ziada et al[77]	2012	Egypt	140	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 1.92 [0.97, 3.4]; P = 0.049
Thompson et al[13]	2012	United States	1038	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 1.6 [1.1, 2.33]; P = 0.02
Alfaleh et al[78]	2013	Saudi Arabia	157	-	DM	Multivariate	Yes	All (except G4)	OR = 0.37 [0.148, 0.927]; P = 0.034
Dokmeci et al[79]	2014	Turkey	104	-	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 3.36 [1.32, 31.25]; P = 0.021
Huang et al[80]	2015	Taiwan	1077	-	DM	Multivariate	Yes	All	OR = 1.81 [1.14, 2.65]; P = 0.002
Fartoux et al[81]	2005	France	141	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Univariate	No	No	NS
Elgouhari et al[82]	2008	United States	183	-	DM	Multivariate	No	No	NS
Petta et al[83]	2009	Italy	156	Non DM	HOMA-IR	Multivariate	No	No	NS
Rueger et al[84]	2014	Switzerland	1461	-	DM	Multivariate	No	No	NS

¹Severe liver fibrosis: F3 or F4 in Metavir scoring system. HCV: Hepatitis C virus infection; G1: Genotype 1; SVR: Sustained virological response; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; IR: Insulin resistance; DM: Diabetes mellitus; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; NS: Not significant.