Association between Helicobacter pylori and end-stage renal disease: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Main characteristics of the cohort studies included in this meta-analysis

Study	Lo et al[48]	Lin et al[14]
Country	Hong Kong	Taiwan
Study design	Cohort study	Cohort study
Year	2004	2015
Study sample	Type 2 diabetic patients with clinical proteinuria and renal insufficiency	H. pylori-infected and non-infected patients without ESRD
H. pylori testing	Antibody	Diagnosis of H. pylori infection (ICD-9 041.86) was used from inpatient database of The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database
	Positive H. pylori (Titer > 1.1 U/mL)
ESRD definition	Doubling of baseline serum creatinine concentration or need for dialysis or serum creatinine ≥ 500 μmol/L	ESRD was identified from Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patient Database
Adjusted HR	0.12 (0.03, 0.52)	2.58 (2.33, 2.86)
Confounder adjustment	Sex, H. pylori status, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, ACE inhibitors, Hepatitis B surface antigen status	Age, sex, comorbidity
Quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa scale)	Selection: 3	Selection: 4
	Comparability: 2	Comparability: 2
	Outcome: 3	Outcome: 3

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; HD: Hemodialysis; PD: Peritoneal dialysis; ESRD: End-stage renal disease.