Association between Helicobacter pylori and end-stage renal disease: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Main characteristics of the cross-sectional studies included in this meta-analysis

Study	Country	Year	Study sample	H. pylori testing	H. pylori prevalence (%)	OR	Study quality
Offerhaus et al[36]	The Netherland	1989	Dialysis	Antibody	22/50 (44%)	0.96 (0.42-2.22)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Shousha et al[55]	United Kingdom	1990	Dialysis	Histology	12/50 (24%)	0.43 (0.20-0.90)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Loffeld et al[34]	The Netherland	1991	HD	Antibody	13/30 (43%)	1.24 (0.58-2.64)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Davenport et al[22]	United Kingdom	1991	HD	Antibody	27/76 (36%)	1.29 (0.75-2.22)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Ala-Kaila et al[16]	Finland	1991	HD	Histology	3/23 (13%)	0.68 (0.17-2.64)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Gladziwa et al[27]	Germany	1993	HD	Cumulative evaluation (urease, test, histology, culture and direct examiniation)	12/35 (34%)	0.44 (0.19 -1.00)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Giachino et al[25]	Italy	1994	HD	Urease test, histology and culture	13/40 (32%)	0.51 (0.20-1.28)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
De Vecchi et al[51]	Italy	1995	HD and PD	Antibody	HD and PD	HD and PD	S 3
					37/67 (55%)	0.39 (0.18-0.81)	C 1
					HD	HD	O 2
					17/29 (59%)	0.54 (0.18-1.62)
					PD	PD
					20/38 (53%)	0.30 (0.11-0.81)
Jaspersen et al[31]	Germany	1995	HD	Urease test and histology	7/34 (21%)	0.44 (0.18-1.09)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Seyrek et al[39]	Turkey	1996	HD	Antibody	13/91 (14%)	0.56 (0.21-1.50)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Krawczyk et al[33]	Poland	1996	HD	Urease test and histology	13/21 (62%)	0.93 (0.27-3.20)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Ozgür et al[38]	Turkey	1997	HD	Urease test	28/47 (60%)	0.83 (0.41-1.69)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Hruby et al[30]	Poland	1997	HD	Antibody, culture	9/26 (35%) by culture	0.68 (0.19-2.44) by culture	S 3
					16/26 (62%) by antibody	0.53 (0.13-2.12)	C 0
							O 2
Yildiz et al[42]	Turkey	1999	HD	Antibody	31/47 (66%)	0.79 (0.34-1.84)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Fabrizi et al[23]	United States	1999	HD	Antibody	127/228 (56%)	1.11 (0.74-1.66)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Tamura et al[40]	Japan	1999	HD and PD	Urease test, histology, and culture	25/49 (51%)	0.88 (0.40-1.96)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Gür et al[28]	Turkey	1999	HD	Urease test and histology	25/45 (56%)	1.04 (0.45-2.40)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Araki et al[50]	Japan	1999	HD and PD	Histology and culture	29/63 (46%)	0.45 (0.22-0.91)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Karari et al[32]	Kenya	2000	CRF	Urease test and histology	41/77 (53%)	0.90 (0.48-1.70)	S 3
			(HD - 36%)				C 1
							O 2
Nakajima et al[53]	Japan	2002	HD	Urease test, histology, and culture	14/51 (28%)	0.30 (0.11-0.81)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Tsukada et al[41]	Japan	2003	HD	Histology	9/36 (25%)	0.28 (0.02-3.82)	S 3
							C 2
							O 2
Olmos et al[37]	Argentina	2003	HD	Antibody	44/93 (47%)	0.62 (0.35-1.11)	S 3
							C 2
							O 2
Nakajima et al[54]	Japan	2004	HD	Antibody	51/138 (37%)	0.35 (0.22-0.58)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Nardone et al[35]	Italy	2005	HD	Urease test, histology, urea breath test and stool antigen	7/11 (64%)	3.04 (0.82-11.13)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Blusiewicz et al[19]	Poland	2005	HD	Urease, histology	19/30 (63%)	0.71 (0.24-2.07)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Khedmat et al[13]	Iran	2007	HD	Urease test	46/73 (63%)	3.20 (1.88-5.44)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Khazaei et al[52]	Iran	2008	HD - children	Urease test, and histology	16/24 (67%)	8.00 (2.19-29.25)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Gioè et al[26]	Italy	2008	HD	Urease test, and histology	75/142 (53%)	1.39 (0.86-2.23)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Abdulrahman et al[49]	Saudi Arabia	2008	ESRD	Histology	16/40 (40%)	0.22 (0.09-0.56)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Asl et al[12]	Iran	2009	HD	Histology	23/40 (58%)	2.81 (1.13-6.99)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Sugimoto et al[56]	Japan	2009	HD	Antibody	262/539 (49%)	0.26 (0.19-0.35)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Chang et al[21]	South Korea	2010	HD	Urease test and histology	12/33 (36%)	0.30 (0.12-0.74)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Hooman et al[29]	Iran	2011	HD - children	Histology	19/68 (28%)	1.59 (0.65-3.92)	S 3
							C 0
							O 2
Genç et al[24]	Turkey	2013	HD and PD - children	Antibody	17/33 (52%)	0.69 (0.26-1.83)	S 3
							C 1
							O 2
Chang et al[20]	Taiwan	2014	ESRD	Urease test and histology	81/144 (56%)	0.54 (0.38-0.77)	S 4
							C 2
							O 3

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; HD: Hemodialysis; PD: Peritoneal dialysis.