Simple pain measures reveal psycho-social pathology in patients with Crohn’s disease

Table 7 Comparison of social questionnaires with the pain measures in the whole cohort

Variables	P-HBI					SF-36					SIBDQ
	No pain	Mild pain	Moderate pain	Severe pain	P value	No pain	Mild pain	Moderate pain	Severe pain	P value	No pain	Mild pain	Moderate pain	Severe pain	P value
GSI	0.6 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 1.0	< 0.001	0.6 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 0.9	< 0.001	0.6 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.9	< 0.001
COPE: Emotion-focused Strategies	23.4 ± 5.9	24.7 ± 5.7	25.0 ± 5.8	24.2 ± 7.1	0.045	23.4 ± 5.9	24.6 ± 5.9	24.2 ± 5.7	26.0 ± 5.8	0.154	23.6 ± 5.9	24.8 ± 5.7	24.8 ± 5.5	23.0 ± 7.3	0.059
COPE: Problem-focused Strategies	15.6 ± 4.9	16.1 ± 4.7	16.8 ± 4.4	16.6 ± 4.9	0.249	15.4 ± 5.1	16.1 ± 4.5	16.5 ± 4.5	18.2 ± 4.3	0.042	15.6 ± 5.1	16.2 ± 4.7	17.0 ± 4.1	15.4 ± 4.6	0.067
COPE: Dysfunctional Strategies	20.0 ± 5.5	22.9 ± 5.5	24.0 ± 5.8	25.6 ± 6.6	< 0.001	20.0 ± 5.7	22.7 ± 5.7	24.0 ± 5.9	25.9 ± 5.5	< 0.001	19.9 ± 5.4	22.8 ± 5.4	24.5 ± 6.0	24.6 ± 6.9	< 0.001
FAD	1.7 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.6	1.9 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.7	0.003	1.7 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.7	0.081	1.7 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.7	< 0.001
SWLS	24.3 ± 6.6	22.0 ± 7.7	19.9 ± 7.5	17.7 ± 9.8	< 0.001	24.5 ± 6.7	22.3 ± 7.1	18.4 ± 8.4	17.9 ± 9.1	< 0.001	24.8 ± 6.4	22.2 ± 7.3	19.2 ± 7.4	16.9 ± 9.8	< 0.001
WPAI: Absenteeism	3.9 ± 11.9	5.9 ± 12.4	18.2 ± 27.2	43.4 ± 37.6	< 0.001	2.8 ± 10.6	8.3 ± 18.6	21.3 ± 25.2	29.4 ± 35.0	< 0.001	1.8 ± 5.5	7.8 ± 18.3	19.1 ± 22.7	38.5 ± 42.2	< 0.001
WPAI: Presenteesism	14.6 ± 22.8	29.9 ± 28.0	44.4 ± 29.7	77.1 ± 26.4	< 0.001	13.0 ± 20.7	29.2 ± 26.1	55.0 ± 32.9	70.7 ± 34.1	< 0.001	10.6 ± 18.2	31.6 ± 27.5	48.2 ± 29.4	69.0 ± 31.1	< 0.001
WPAI: Work productivity loss	15.7 ± 23.3	29.5 ± 26.9	46.4 ± 32.4	80.6 ± 27.1	< 0.001	13.7 ± 20.9	30.0 ± 27.0	58.6 ± 33.2	65.3 ± 35.5	< 0.001	10.2 ± 15.9	32.7 ± 27.9	52.2 ± 30.9	66.6 ± 34.7	< 0.001
WPAI: Activity Impairment	17.1 ± 23.6	32.9 ± 26.4	51.1 ± 27.9	78.3 ± 23.5	< 0.001	14.3 ± 22.0	33.4 ± 25.4	59.8 ± 27.8	76.1 ± 28.8	< 0.001	12.3 ± 19.6	34.9 ± 25.4	52.7 ± 26.2	78.9 ± 24.1	< 0.001

P-HBI and SF-36 measure pain intensity whereas SIBDQ measures pain frequency. Data are mean ± SD. P-HBI: Patient Harvey-Bradshaw Index; SF-36: Short Form Health Survey; SIBDQ: Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; GSI: Global Severity Index; COPE: Brief Cope Inventory; FAD: McMaster Family Assessment Device; SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale; WPAI: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire.