Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2017; 23(47): 8321-8333
Published online Dec 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8321
Figure 5
Figure 5 Effect of oral gavage of fructo-oligosaccharide on intestinal cytokine expression. A: Among saline-administered mice, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions increased in the ileum in the WAS group compared to the sham-WAS group. IL-23 expression increased in FOS compared to saline-administered mice following WAS; B: In saline-administered mice, colonic IL-6 and IL-1β expression increased in the WAS group compared to the sham-WAS group. IL-1β expression increased in FOS compared to saline-administered mice in the WAS group. Values represent mean ± SD; sham + saline (n = 7), sham + FOS (n = 7), WAS + saline (n = 6), WAS + FOS (n = 7); one-way ANOVA. aP < 0.05, sham + saline vs WAS + saline; cP < 0.05, WAS + saline vs WAS + FOS. FOS: Fructo-oligosaccharide; WAS: Water avoidance stress; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.