Effects of initiating time and dosage of Panax notoginseng on mucosal microvascular injury in experimental colitis

Figure 6 Panax notoginseng reversed the disordered ratio of VEGFA165/VEGFA121 and adjusted the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A-C: Increased serum concentrations of VEGF165 and VEGF121, as well as the increased ratio of VEGF165/VEGF121 in the experimental colitis groups were down-regulated by medium and high doses of PN; D-F: The increased serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α and decreased serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 in the experimental colitis groups were reversed by PN in a dose-dependent manner. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs normal control. IL: Interleukin; PN: Panax notoginseng; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.