Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein

Table 1 Cases of non cirrhosis-related hepatic encephalopathy reported in the literature compared to our case report

Ref.	Patient	Presentation	Type of shunt	Treatment
Otake et al[2], 2001	37 yr, Female, no relevant past medical history	Disturbed consciousness	Inferior mesenteric-caval shunt (left internal iliac vein)	Percutaneous transcatheter embolization (Coils)
Rogal et al[3], 2014	58 yr, Male, gastric by-pass surgery	4 mo of confusion and violent behavior	Spontaneous splenorenal shunt (18 mm)	Percutaneous closure (Amplatzer plug)
Ali et al[12], 2010	57 yr, Female, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus	2 wk of confusion, new onset melena	Superior mesenteric-caval shunt (left internal iliac vein) (10-20 mm)	Surgical closure
Present case	68 yr, Female, breast cancer, rib fractures	Relapsing confusion, lethargy, dysarthria	Inferior mesenteric-caval shunt (left internal iliac vein) (20 mm)	Percutaneous transcatheter embolization (Amplatzer plug and coils)