Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma development by aminotransferase to platelet ratio index in primary biliary cholangitis

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

Variable	Whole cohort,n = 144	Patients with HCC,n = 12	Patients without HCC,n = 132	P value
Age, yr	57.8 (48.7-71.5)	68.1 (56.2-74.6)	57.0 (48.2-70.7)	0.278
Female sex	127 (88.2)	9 (75.0)	118 (89.4)	0.153
Duration of follow-up, yr	6.9 (3.5-10.4)	8.9 (5.2-11.4)	6.8 (3.5-10.1)	0.499
Ursodeoxycholic acid, mg	750 (750-750)	750 (750-750)	750 (750-750)	0.576
Suboptimal treatment response,	61 (42.4)	9 (75.0)	52 (39.4)	0.0173
Rotterdam criteria
Diabetes	29 (20.1)	6 (50.0)	23 (17.4)	0.0163
Smoking1	13 (9.5)	4 (33.3)	9 (6.8)	0.0113
Alcohol1	17 (13.7)	2 (16.7)	15 (11.4)	0.623
Cirrhosis	41 (28.5)	8 (66.7)	33 (25.0)	0.0053
Histological stage 3-42	23 (44.2)	3 (50.0)	20 (43.5)	1.00
Platelet, x 109/L1	216 (152-262)	133 (95-150)	229 (175-266)	< 0.0013
Creatinine, μmol/L1	69 (60-82)	73 (60-79)	68 (60 - 82)	0.0473
Albumin, g/L1	40 (36-42)	24 (14-30)	40 (36-42)	0.087
Bilirubin, μmol/L1	14 (10-26)	30 (19-55)	14 (10-26)	< 0.0013
ALP (U/L)	284 (196-484)	343 (227-362)	273 (196-496)	0.991
ALT, U/L1	74 (54-130)	85 (64-109)	74 (53-133)	0.565
AST, U/L1	68 (51-115)	76 (56-109)	68 (51-115)	0.741
GGT, U/L1	517 (256-771)	626 (353-843)	490 (224-760)	0.285
PT, s	11.3 (10.5-11.7)	11.8 (11.7-12.5)	11.2 (10.5-11.7)	0.0073
AMA positivity	119 (82.6)	8 (66.7)	111 (84.1)	0.223
Globulin, mg/dL1	41 (37-46)	40 (37-44)	41 (37-46)	0.337
IgM, mg/dL1	363 (250-502)	446 (282-579)	359 (250-478)	0.563
Mayo risk score1	4.7 (3.8-5.5)	5.1 (4.8-6.6)	4.6 (3.8-5.4)	0.0223
MELD score	6 (6-8)	8 (6-9)	6 (6-7)	0.097
CP score1	5 (5-6)	6 (5-6)	5 (5-6)	0.125
CP class B/C1	29 (20.1)	2 (16.7)	25 (19.2)	1.00
APRI	1.00 (0.60-1.84)	2.02 (1.05-3.34)	0.97 (0.59-1.72)	0.053
APRI > 0.541	102 (78.5)	9 (90.0)	93 (77.5)	0.689
APRI-r11	0.22 (0.13-0.43)	0.54 (0.31-0.70)	0.20 (0.13-0.38)	0.0023
APRI-r1> 0.541	27 (19.6)	6 (50.0)	21 (16.7)	0.0133

Data are presented as n (%), and all continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range).

¹Missing data: smoking (7), alcohol (3), platelet (10), creatinine (1), albumin (2), bilirubin (2), ALT (2), AST (6), GGT (2), globulin (6), IgM (20), Mayo risk score (2), CP score (2), APRI (14), APRI-r1 (6);

²Sixty-two patients had liver biopsies done, with reports available for review for 52;

³P values < 0.05. All continuous variables expressed in median (interquartile range). ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody; APRI: AST/platelet ratio index; APRI-r1: APRI at 1 year after treatment; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CP: Child-Pugh; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; PT: Prothrombin time.