Combined endovascular brachytherapy, sorafenib, and transarterial chemobolization therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus

Figure 2 Images of iodine-125 seed strand and stent placement. A: After the patent second-order branch of the left portal vein was catheterized, a 5-F calibrated pigtail catheter (white arrow) was placed in the splenic vein. Tumor thrombus (black arrows) in the proximal MPV and sagittal segment of right portal vein was shown clearly on portography, but the right portal vein did not develop. B: A 14-mm x 80-mm self-expandable stent (black arrow) and ¹²⁵I seed strand (white arrow) with 20 seeds loaded were placed precisely in the obstructed MPV. C: Images of SPECT/CT scan 1 d after therapy. MPV: Main portal vein.