Epidemiology and natural history of Wilson’s disease in the Chinese: A territory-based study in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2016

Table 7 HRs and 95%CIs for the association between different covariates and overall survival, transplant-free survival

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI
Overall survival
Age1	1.04	1.02-1.07	1.03	0.99-1.08
Male sex	1.49	0.52-4.29
Hepatic disease	0.92	0.21-4.13
Cirrhosis	15.42	5.15-46.18	21.75	5.62-84.18
Hepatocellular carcinoma	12.42	2.71-56.93	2.23	0.38-13.32
Chronic viral hepatitis2	4.95	1.09-22.44	7.04	0.94-52.81
Neurological or psychiatric disease	1.11	0.35-3.55
Metabolic factors3	4.37	1.37-13.96	2.68	0.59-12.17
Drug
Penicillamine	Reference	-
Trientine	2.30	0.61-8.63
Zinc	0.30	0.04-2.39
transplant-free survival
Age1	1.04	1.01-1.07	1.03	0.98-1.07
Male sex	1.45	0.54-3.88
Hepatic disease	1.09	0.25-4.80
Cirrhosis	21.34	7.34-61.99	32.16	8.58-120.52
Hepatocellular carcinoma	11.25	2.48-50.92	1.93	0.34-11.07
Chronic viral hepatitis2	4.48	0.998-20.09	9.97	1.36-73.05
Neurological or psychiatric disease	1.27	0.44-3.66
Metabolic factors3	3.59	1.16-11.16	2.51	0.60-10.54
Drug
D-penicillamine	Reference	-
Trientine	1.97	0.54-7.17
Zinc	0.26	0.03-1.97

¹Age was treated as a continuous variable in the analysis;

²Chronic viral hepatitis was defined as the presence of either chronic hepatitis B or C infection;

³Metabolic factors were defined as the presence of one of the following: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity or alcoholism. Significant risk factors were bolded.