Vaccinations in immunosuppressive-dependent pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Table 3 Studies of efficacy and safety of pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy

Ref.	Study design	Subjects (n)	Comparison groups	Outcome measured	Adverse effects	Effects
Urganci et al[27], 2013	Prospective cohort	97-47 with IBD, 50 healthy controls	IBD patients and healthy controls	Hepatitis A and hepatitis B antibodies 1 month following hepatitis A vaccine and hepB series	No severe adverse reactions associated with vaccination	All participants seroconverted to hepatitis A IBD patients had decreased seroconversion to Hepatitis B (70.2% vs 90% in healthy controls, P = 0.02) No statistically significant association between treatment and vaccination response
Moses et al[27], 2012	Prospective, cross-sectional	100 IBD patients	IBD patients receiving infliximab	Hepatitis B immunity (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/mL)	No comments on adverse effects	Older age at diagnosis and study visit, pancolitis, and lower albumin levels associated with non-immunity (P < 0.05) Infliximab dose, duration, frequency did not affect baseline immunity; associated with decreased immunity to booster
Fallahi et al[44], 2014	Prospective cohort	38-18 with IBD; 20 healthy controls	A: IBD patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy B: IBD patients receiving immunosuppression C: Healthy controls	Increase in total IgG 28 d after PPSV23 vaccination and percentage of switched memory B cells	No comments on adverse effects	IBD associated with decreased percentage of switched memory B cells and lower increase in total IgG level (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively)
Banaszkiewicz et al[29] , 2015	Prospective cohort	178-122 with IBD; 56 healthy controls	A: IBD patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy B: IBD patients receiving immunosuppression C: Healthy controls	Specific antibody response 6-8 wk following 1 dose of PCV13	No serious adverse effects related to PCV13	Adequate vaccine response achieved in all participants (90.4% in IBD patients vs 96.5% in controls) with no significant difference between IBD patients and controls (P = 0.53) Immunosuppressive therapy associated with decreased rise in geometric mean titers (P = 0.04)

anti-HBs: Anti-hepatitis B surface antibody; CD: Crohn’s Disease; HepB: Hepatitis B; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PCV13: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPSV23: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.