Hypothermic machine perfusion with metformin-University of Wisconsin solution for ex vivo preservation of standard and marginal liver grafts in a rat model

Figure 3 Histograms of relative gray values of the expression levels of p-eNOS, t-eNOS, p-AMPK, and t-AMPK in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of young rats. AMPK/eNOS pathway was activated ex vivo by metformin. A: Phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS was increased in the MUWP group at 12 h after HMP; B-E: Quantitative analysis of total AMPK, total NOS, phosphorylated AMPK, and eNOS expression in CTRL (control groups A and D), UWP (UW solution perfusion groups B and E), and MUWP (metformin perfusion groups C and F) groups. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) and compared by ordinary one-way analysis of variance and the Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. ^aP < 0.05 vs CTRL group; ^bP < 0.05 vs CTRL group; ^cP < 0.05 vs UWP group.