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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2017; 23(40): 7321-7331
Published online Oct 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7321
Published online Oct 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7321
Table 4 Health-related quality of life in patients with high, medium and low medication adherence
| Quality of life domains | All patients(n = 100) | Medication adherence ranking | P value | ||
| High | Medium | Low | |||
| (n = 42) | (n = 37) | (n = 21) | |||
| Abdominal symptoms | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 0.063 |
| Abdominal bloating | 4.5 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 0.109 |
| Abdominal pain | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | 0.023 |
| Abdominal discomfort | 4.4 ±1.8 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 0.715 |
| Activity | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 0.377 |
| Not been able to eat as much as you would like | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 0.814 |
| Trouble lifting or carrying heavy objects | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 0.067 |
| Bothered by a limitation of your diet | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 0.824 |
| Emotion | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 0.050 |
| Anxiety | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.126 |
| Unhappiness | 4.5 ± 1.9 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 0.125 |
| Irritability | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 0.017 |
| Difficulty sleeping at night | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | 0.259 |
| Mood swings | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 0.031 |
| Unable to fall asleep at night | 3.9 ± 2.3 | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 0.687 |
| Felt depressed | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | 0.058 |
| Problems concentrating | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 2.0 | 4.5 ± 1.9 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 0.232 |
| Fatigue | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 0.340 |
| Tired or fatigued | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 0.622 |
| Sleepy during the day | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 0.255 |
| Bothered by having decreased strength | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 0.281 |
| Decreased level of energy | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.361 |
| Drowsiness | 3.9 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 0.466 |
| Systemic symptoms | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 0.519 |
| Bodily pain | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 2.2 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 0.037 |
| Shortness of breath | 4.5 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 0.030 |
| Muscle cramps | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 2.2 | 0.957 |
| Dry mouth | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 0.833 |
| Itching | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 4.2 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 0.392 |
| Worry | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 0.491 |
| Worry about impact of liver disease has on family/friends | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 0.876 |
| Worried that symptoms will develop into major problems | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 0.357 |
| Worry about condition getting worse | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 0.569 |
| Worry about never feeling any better | 4.2 ± 2.2 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.436 |
- Citation: Hayward KL, Valery PC, Martin JH, Karmakar A, Patel PJ, Horsfall LU, Tallis CJ, Stuart KA, Wright PL, Smith DD, Irvine KM, Powell EE, Cottrell WN. Medication beliefs predict medication adherence in ambulatory patients with decompensated cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(40): 7321-7331
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i40/7321.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7321