Relationship between autophagy and perineural invasion, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in pancreatic cancer

Table 5 Univariate analysis of survival in patients who underwent radical surgery

Parameter	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
PNI (present vs absent)	3.701	1.539-8.903	0.003a
LC3 (high vs low)	3.196	1.433-7.126	0.005a
Sex (male vs female)	1.154	0.590-2.260	0.676
Age (> 58 yr vs ≤ 58 yr)	1.176	0.621-2.225	0.619
Tumor location (body/tail vs head)	1.102	0.570-2.131	0.773
Histologic grade (poorly vs well or moderate)	1.287	0.636-2.604	0.484
Tumor size (> 2 cm vs ≤ 2 cm)	0.940	0.444-1.991	0.871
Vascular invasion (positive vs negative)	1.821	0.883-3.755	0.105
Lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative)	0.871	0.449-1.688	0.682
AJCC stage (III + IV vs I + II)	1.473	0.752-2.889	0.259
Diabetes (present vs absent)	1.105	0.522-2.337	0.795
Pancreatitis (present vs absent)	1.075	0.520-2.222	0.845
CA19-9 level (> 37 U/mL vs ≤ 37 U/mL)	2.648	1.286-5.454	0.008a

^aP < 0.05. LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; PNI: Perineural invasion.