Presence of columnar-lined esophagus is negatively associated with the presence of esophageal varices in Japanese alcoholic men

Table 6 Multivariate analyses to predict the presence of esophageal varices in Japanese alcoholic men with liver cirrhosis

	Cirrhosis with EVs vs cirrhosis without EVs
	All forms of EVs		Advanced forms of EVs
Independent variables	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P1 value
Age, per +10 yr	0.88 (0.67-1.16)	0.35	0.90 (0.64-1.26)	0.55
Usual alcohol consumption, per +22 g ethanol	1.00 (0.94-1.06)	0.97	1.02 (0.95-1.10)	0.52
Ever smoker vs never smoker	1.04 (0.50-2.16)	0.93	2.13 (0.69-6.57)	0.19
Columnar-lined esophagus, ≥ 5 mm vs 0-4 mm	0.46 (0.23-0.93)	0.030	0.24 (0.08-0.74)	0.013
Hiatal hernia ≥ 10 mm, presence vs absence	1.10 (0.54-2.21)	0.80	0.97 (0.38-2.49)	0.95
Child-Pugh class
A	1.00 Referent		1.00 Referent
B	1.18 (0.70-1.98)	0.53	1.06 (0.55-2.05)	0.87
C	1.56 (0.64-3.82)	0.33	1.85 (0.67-5.16)	0.24
Gastric varices, presence vs absence	1.94 (0.96-3.91)	0.065	2.89 (1.29-6.47)	0.010
Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Absent	1.00 Referent		1.00 Referent
Grade 1	2.24 (1.32-3.80)	0.003	1.92 (0.97-3.77)	0.060
Grade 2,3	4.40 (2.11-9.15)	< 0.0001	5.29 (2.18-12.81)	0.0002
Anti-HCV antibody, positive vs negative	1.09 (0.41-2.93)	0.87	1.54 (0.49-4.88)	0.46
HBs antigen, positive vs, negative	1.16 (0.26-5.16)	0.85	0.61 (0.06-6.36)	0.68
ALDH2 genotype, *1/*1 vs *1/*2	1.02 (0.47-2.20)	0.96	1.00 (0.38-2.60)	1.00
ADH1B genotype, *2 carrier vs *1/*1	1.10 (0.61-1.99)	0.76	1.59 (0.72-3.51)	0.25

¹Advanced forms of EVs vs no EVs, EVs: Esophageal varices; ADH1B: Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B; ALDH2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2; OR: Multivariate odds ratio; ORs and CIs were calculated by using a multiple logistic regression model; Advanced forms of EVs were F2-F3 varices, red-color-sign positive varices, or post-treatment varices.