Fecal microbiota transplantation prevents hepatic encephalopathy in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic dysfunction

Figure 6 The changes of ammonia levels and inflammatory cytokines in plasma from the portal or tail veins. A: Plasma ammonia levels decreased significantly upon FMT treatment. Blood samples were collected from the portal and tail veins in the indicated groups and analyzed with an automatic biochemistry analyzer; B: Decreased circulating IL-1β was observed in the FMT groups. Blood samples were collected from the portal and tail veins in the indicated groups and analyzed by ELISA; C: Serum IL-6 was reduced in the FMT-treated groups. Blood samples were collected from the portal and tail veins in the indicated groups and analyzed by ELISA; D: Serum TNF-α was downregulated in the FMT-treated groups. Blood samples were collected from the portal and tail veins in the indicated groups and analyzed by ELISA. FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation.