Trends and outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumors: A 25-year single-center study of 1000 consecutive cases

Table 3 Postoperative data

Variable	Total,n = 1000	First 10 yr,1993-2002	Second 10 yr,2003-2012	Last 5 yr,2013-2017	P-value
Hospital stay in d	8 (5-71)	9	8	8	0.0001
Time to oral intake in d	5 (4-56)	6	5	5	0.33
Total amount of drainage in mL	700 (40-35000)	1200	600	600	0.0001
Drain removal in d	8 (4-71)	8	8	8	0.03
Total postoperative complications	323 (32.3)	120 (40)	131 (29.6)	72 (27.9)	0.02
Dindo grade
I	114 (11.4)	24	47	43
II	97 (9.7)	40	45	12	0.11
III	69 (6.9)	36	24	9
IV and V	43 (4.3)	20	15	8
Severe complications, ≥ III
Minor	211 (21.1)	84	92	55	0.23
Major	109 (10.9)	56	69	17
Pancreatic fistula	139 (13.9)	45 (15)	56 (12.7)	38 (14.7)	0.01
Grade A	67 (6.7)	14	33	20	0.04
Grade B	48 (4.8)	20	17	11
Grade C	24 (2.4)	11	6	7
DGE	180 (18)	76 (25.3)	67 (15.2)	37 (14.3)	0.06
Types of DGE
Secondary DGE	152 (15.2)	70 (23.3)	54 (12.2)	27 (10.5)	0.03
Primary DGE	28 (2.8)	5 (1.7)	13 (2.9)	10 (3.9)
Pulmonary complications	46 (4.6)	20 (6.7)	21 (4.8)	5 (1.6)	0.01
Bile leak	73 (7.3)	39 (13)	19 (4.3)	15 (5.8)	0.001
Postoperative bleeding	25 (2.5)	13 (4.3)	7 (1.6)	5 (1.9)	0.49
Pancreatitis	20 (2)	12 (4.3)	7 (1.6)	1 (0.4)	0.004
Bleeding PG	15 (1.5)	8 (2.7)	5 (1.2)	2 (0.8)	0.14
Wound infection	50 (5)	13 (4.6)	25 (5.7)	12 (4.7)	0.77
Re-operation	74 (7.4)	25 (8.3)	33 (7.5)	16 (6.2)	0.21
Recurrence	321 (36.9)	130 (50.4)	125 (32.6)	66 (28.7)	0.0001
Hospital mortality	43 (4.3)	20 (6.6%)	15 (3.4)	8 (3.1)	0.02
Postoperative chemoradiotherapy	275 (27.5)	0	132 (29.9)	143 (55.4)	0.0001
Overall median survival in mo	26 (1-300)	21	30	37	0.0001
1 yr	90%	87%	93%	87%
3 yr	33%	19%	37%	64%
5 yr	19%	11%	21%

Data are presented as n (%) or n (range), unless otherwise indicated. DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; PG: Pancreaticogastrostomy.