Role of tissue microenvironment resident adipocytes in colon cancer

Figure 1 Signalling pathways activated by tumour resident adipocytes secreted factors. Tumour resident adipocytes secreted factors activate cell cycle regulators and inflammatory/immune/angiogenic regulators. Cancer cell secreted inflammatory cytokines activate host cells of TME constituting a paracrine/autocrine loop. MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: Protein Kinase B; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; JAK/STAT3: Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6: Interleukin-6.