Metabolomic profiling for identification of metabolites and relevant pathways for taurine in hepatic stellate cells

Table 2 Potential important biological metabolites in ESI⁺ and ESI^- modes for taurine in hepatic stellate cells

Number	Mode	VIP	RT (min)	m/z ratio	Compound name	Fold change (B/A)	P value
1	ESI+	1.312	11.16	495.3338	PC (16:0)	-0.758↓	0.037
2	ESI+	1.973	14.02	148.0160	2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoic acid	-3.094↓	0.001
3	ESI+	1.326	7.51	215.1890	Amino-dodecanoic acid	1.249↑	0.043
4	ESI+	1.316	3.89	231.1475	Butyryl-L-carnitine	-1.711↓	0.041
5	ESI+	1.644	8.87	273.2679	C16 Sphinganine	-0.837↓	0.034
6	ESI+	1.329	0.74	161.1047	Carnitine	2.324↑	0.049
7	ESI+	1.570	13.27	375.3125	Docosatetraenoyl Ethanolamide	2.200↑	0.017
8	ESI+	1.706	11.46	399.3362	Palmitoylcarnitine	-1.419	0.005
9	ESI+	1.484	11.01	199.1943	Dodecanamide	1.521↑	0.022
10	ESI+	1.590	1.09	307.0848	Glutathione	-1.372↓	0.019
11	ESI+	1.268	6.03	259.1792	Hexanoylcarnitine	-1.216↓	0.046
12	ESI+	1.565	4.59	282.1684	Hydroxydesipramine	2.210↑↓	0.013
13	ESI+	1.601	11.01	569.3486	LysoPC(22:5)	17.551↑	0.048
14	ESI+	1.483	1.01	175.0482	N-acetylaspartate	-1.160↓	0.018
15	ESI+	1.495	12.63	369.3254	N-palmitoyl isoleucine	1.375↑	0.017
16	ESI+	1.557	12.15	369.3254	N-palmitoyl isoleucine	2.683↑	0.039
17	ESI+	1.245	10.48	371.3045	N-stearoyl serine	-1.027↓	0.048
18	ESI+	1.312	13.05	281.2728	Oleamide	-0.852↓	0.036
19	ESI+	1.469	10.13	212.1417	Oxo-dodecenoic acid	1.750↑	0.019
20	ESI+	1.595	11.24	479.3025	PC (15:1)/PE (18:1)	-1.141↓	0.018
21	ESI+	1.284	11.30	521.3494	PC (18:1)	-0.727↓	0.048
22	ESI+	2.021	8.93	317.2939	Phytosphingosine	-1.274↓	0.001
23	ESI+	1.290	0.65	202.2163	Spermine	-0.874↓	0.039
24	ESI+	1.443	9.90	301.2992	Sphinganine	-0.807↓	0.040
25	ESI+	1.394	11.60	299.2835	Sphingosine	-0.949↓	0.026
26	ESI+	1.430	12.34	427.3675	Stearoylcarnitine	-1.006↓	0.026
27	ESI+	1.818	0.80	117.0791	Valine	-0.681↓	0.037
28	ESI-	2.017	1.13	192.0270	Citric acid	-0.870↓	0.001
29	ESI-	1.678	11.11	453.2859	Glycerophospho-N-Palmitoyl Ethanolamine	-1.125↓	0.011
30	ESI-	2.076	11.46	479.3016	PC (15:1)	-1.697↓	0.000
31	ESI-	1.648	0.69	264.1045	Thiamine	0.394↑	0.040
32	ESI-	1.448	9.25	250.1204	Ubiquinone-1	1.538↑	0.031

Comparisons were done by two-sample t-test. A total of 27 metabolites in ESI⁺ mode and 5 metabolites in ESI^- mode were found to be the significant metabolites between the control and taurine-treated cells (VIP > 1) (P < 0.05). PC: Phosphatidylcholine; VIP: Variable importance in the projection; (↑): Up-regulated; (↓): Down-regulated.