Risk factors for intraoperative perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 5 Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection in perforation cases (n = 9)

Case	Age	Sex	Location	Predo-minant site	Circum-ference of tumor	Circum-ference of mucosal deficiency	Maximum dimension (mm)	Macroscopic type	Procedure time (mm)	En bloc resection	Swiching to EPMR after perforation	Depth of invasion	Perforation site
1	70	M	Middle	Right	2/3	3/4	54	0-IIc	240	No	Yes	SM2	Left
2	59	M	Lower	Left	1/2	7/8	50	0-IIc	240	Yes	No	M3	Left
3	61	M	Lower	Left	3/4	7/8	38	0-IIc	150	No	Yes	M2	Left
4	58	M	Middle	Right	1/3	1/2	30	0-IIc	140	No	Yes	SM2	Posterior > left
5	77	M	Lower	Left	3/4	7/8	67	0-IIc	210	Yes	No	M3	Anterior > left
6	61	M	Middle	Right	1/2	7/8	40	0-IIc	210	No	No	M2	Left
7	77	M	Lower	Left	1/2	3/4	32	0-IIc	150	No	Yes	M3	Left
8	85	M	Middle	Left	Circ	Circ	68	0-IIc	210	Yes	No	SM2	Left
9	63	M	Lower	Right	1/8	1/2	7	0-IIc	104	No	Yes	M1	Right

Circ: Whole circumference. EPMR: Endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection.