Outcomes of preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 3 Procedure-related complications of endoscopic biliary drainage and the postoperative complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy between the two groups n (%)

Variable	ENBD (n = 102)	ERBD (n = 51)	P value
Complications of EBD
EBD dysfunction	16 (15.7)	5 (9.8)	0.319
Adverse events after EBD
Pancreatitis	12 (11.8)	12 (23.5)	0.059
Cholangitis	8 (7.8)	12 (23.5)	0.007
Others	3 (2.9)	2 (3.9)	1.000
Complications of PD
Pancreatic fistula	34 (33.3)	21 (41.2)	0.350
Grade A	14 (13.7)	13 (25.5)
Grade B	16 (15.7)	7 (13.7)
Grade C	4 (3.9)	1 (2.0)
Delayed gastric emptying	25 (23.6)	12 (23.5)	0.893
Grade A + B	14(12.8)	7 (13.7)
Grade C	11 (10.8)	5 (9.8)
PPH	7 (6.9)	5 (9.8)	0.523
Grade A + B	6 (5.9)	3 (5.9)
Grade C	1 (1.0)	2 (3.9)
Biliary fistula	2 (2.0)	1 (2.0)	1.000
Deep abdominal infection	25 (24.5)	22 (43.1)	0.019
Wound infection	17 (16.7)	10 (19.6)	0.653
Pulmonary infection	11 (10.8)	8 (15.7)	0.386
Reoperation	2 (2.0)	1 (2.0)	1.000
Perioperative death	5 (4.9)	3 (5.9)	1.000
Complication	60 (58.8)	34 (66.7)	0.864
Grade I-II	39 (38.2)	21 (41.2)
Grade III	13 (12.8)	9 (17.6)
Grade IV-V	8 (7.8)	4 (7.9)

EBD: Endoscopic biliary drainage; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; PPH: Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy.