Outcomes of preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent endoscopic biliary drainage (endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy n (%)

Variable	ENBD (n = 102)	ERBD (n = 51)	P value
Age (yr)	55.26 ± 9.07	56.24 ± 9.65	0.542
Gender (Male)	58 (56.9)	29 (56.9)	1.000
Concomitant diseases
Hypertension	9 (8.8)	5 (9.8)	0.843
Cardiac disease	16 (15.7)	6 (11.8)	0.515
Diabetes mellitus	22 (21.6)	13 (25.5)	0.586
Anemia	39 (38.2)	24 (47.1)	0.296
Hypoproteinemia	31 (30.4)	20 (39.2)	0.275
Acute pancreatitis	6 (5.9)	4 (7.8)	0.732
Acute cholangitis	7 (6.9)	7 (13.7)	0.233
Malignant disease			0.307
Papilla adenocarcinoma	70 (68.7)	41(80.4)
Distal cholangiocarcinoma	19 (18.6)	6 (11.8)
Pancreatic carcinoma	13 (12.7)	4 (7.8)
ALT at admission (IU/L)	189.16 ± 161.52	158.41 ± 132.25	0.241
TB at admission (µmol/L)	198.92 ± 85.57	205.45 ± 93.69	0.667
Data of EBD
EST	48 (47.1)	33 (64.7)	0.039
Length of biliary stricture (cm)	1.55 ± 0.84	1.58 ± 0.83	0.849
EBD duration (d)	11.05 ± 4.87	13.55 ± 7.60	0.036
Data of PD
Operative time (min)	358.97 ± 84.21	375.49 ± 105.66	0.334
Intraoperative bleeding (mL)	475.49 ± 274.47	488.04 ± 306.31	0.798
Blood transfusion	45 (44.1)	21 (41.2)	0.729
Pancreas texture (soft)	56 (54.9)	22 (43.1)	0.170
Diameter of pancreatic duct (mm)	3.35 ± 1.29	3.48 ± 1.29	0.567
Diameter of common bile duct (cm)	1.73 ± 0.45	1.78 ± 0.52	0.540
Total hospital stay (d)	31.85 ± 10.35	29.84 ± 10.03	0.254
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	18.50 ± 9.50	16.80 ± 8.21	0.278
Total expenditure (USD)	10093 ± 3229	10100 ± 2779	0.988

EBD: Endoscopic biliary drainage; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy.