Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument, GERD-TEST, for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

Table 8 Comparison of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test scores between responders and non-responders based on a "numeric rating scale ≤ 5" definition

	Before Tx						After 4 wk PPI Tx						Δ (0W-4W)
Responder definition by	Responder (n = 176)		Non-responder (n = 19)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 176)		Non-responder (n = 19)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 176)		Non-responder (n = 19)		Cohen's d	P value
NRS 5 ≥	mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD
Q1. Heartburn	3.68	1.32	3.11	0.99	0.45	0.022	1.69	0.89	2.37	1.30	0.73	0.027	-1.99	1.42	-0.74	1.15	0.90	< 0.0001
Q2. Acid regurgitation	3.19	1.37	2.95	1.22	-	0.423	1.56	0.84	2.32	1.16	0.87	0.006	-1.63	1.39	-0.63	0.83	0.75	< 0.0001
GERD-SS	3.43	1.21	3.03	1.02	-	0.106	1.62	0.81	2.34	1.21	0.85	0.012	-1.81	1.27	-0.68	0.87	0.91	< 0.0001
Q3. Epigastric pain or burning	3.08	1.38	3.11	1.41	-	0.940	1.66	0.95	2.37	1.21	0.73	0.014	-1.42	1.40	-0.74	1.37	0.49	0.040
Q4. Postprandial fullness	3.04	1.35	3.00	1.25	-	0.896	1.90	1.05	2.42	1.12	0.50	0.053	-1.14	1.32	-0.58	1.17	0.43	0.051
Q5. Early satiation	2.22	1.33	2.32	1.29	-	0.753	1.69	0.89	2.26	0.93	0.64	0.012	-0.53	1.06	-0.05	1.03	0.45	0.058
FD-SS	2.85	1.13	2.88	1.02	-	0.899	1.73	0.82	2.36	0.82	0.77	0.002	-1.13	1.08	-0.53	0.83	0.57	0.004
Q6. Eating	1.94	1.05	1.89	0.99	-	0.841	1.35	0.69	1.63	0.68	0.40	0.095	-0.59	0.92	-0.26	0.81	0.36	0.101
Q7. Sleeping	2.10	1.05	2.21	1.08	-	0.679	1.23	0.55	1.84	1.01	1.02	0.010	-0.88	1.00	-0.37	0.90	0.51	0.022
Q8. Daily activity	1.97	1.01	2.00	0.94	-	0.881	1.26	0.59	1.95	0.91	1.10	0.001	-0.71	1.04	-0.05	0.40	0.67	< 0.0001
Q9. Mood	2.55	1.08	2.42	0.84	-	0.534	1.51	0.78	2.05	0.85	0.70	0.008	-1.05	1.08	-0.37	0.50	0.65	< 0.0001
Dissatisfaction for daily life-SS	2.13	0.83	2.13	0.84	-	0.989	1.34	0.53	1.87	0.77	0.95	0.004	-0.81	0.78	-0.26	0.43	0.73	< 0.0001
	Effect size	Small	Medium	Large
	Cohen's d	0.2 ≤	0.5 ≤	0.8 ≤

GERD-TEST: Gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.