Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument, GERD-TEST, for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

Table 7 Comparison of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test scores between responders and non-responders based on a "patient's impression of improved or better" definition

	Before Tx						After 4 wk PPI Tx						Δ (0W-4W)
Responder definition by	Responder (n = 155)		Non-responder (n = 39)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 155)		Non-responder (n = 39)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 155)		Non-responder (n = 39)		Cohen's d	P value
Patients' impression improved ≤	mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD
Q1. Heartburn	3.72	1.31	3.41	1.25	-	0.169	1.62	0.88	2.38	1.14	0.82	0.000	-2.10	1.42	-1.03	1.25	0.78	< 0.0001
Q2. Acid regurgitation	3.30	1.39	2.69	1.20	0.45	0.007	1.55	0.86	2.05	1.19	0.53	0.015	-1.74	1.39	-0.64	1.44	0.79	< 0.0001
GERD-SS	3.51	1.23	3.05	1.01	0.39	0.017	1.59	0.83	2.22	1.08	0.71	0.001	-1.92	1.29	-0.83	1.10	0.87	< 0.0001
Q3. Epigastric pain or burning	3.17	1.42	2.92	1.31	-	0.306	1.65	0.98	2.15	1.16	0.50	0.014	-1.52	1.45	-0.77	1.11	0.54	0.001
Q4. Postprandial fullness	3.04	1.39	3.13	1.22	-	0.691	1.88	1.07	2.26	1.04	0.36	0.045	-1.16	1.33	-0.87	1.28	0.22	0.212
Q5. Early satiation	2.23	1.38	2.33	1.24	-	0.662	1.67	0.88	2.13	0.98	0.51	0.008	-0.56	1.13	-0.21	0.95	0.33	0.044
FD-SS	2.90	1.17	2.83	0.97	-	0.697	1.71	0.84	2.17	0.83	0.55	0.002	-1.19	1.10	-0.65	0.86	0.51	0.001
Q6. Eating	1.99	1.08	1.90	1.07	-	0.641	1.35	0.70	1.67	0.87	0.43	0.036	-0.64	0.89	-0.23	0.90	0.46	0.013
Q7. Sleeping	2.12	1.08	2.21	1.08	-	0.646	1.23	0.58	1.56	0.79	0.55	0.013	-0.89	1.04	-0.64	0.93	0.25	0.146
Q8. Daily activity	1.98	1.01	1.97	0.97	-	0.968	1.26	0.63	1.67	0.74	0.63	0.002	-0.72	1.02	-0.32	0.96	0.41	0.021
Q9. Mood	2.57	1.07	2.51	1.05	-	0.771	1.50	0.8	1.87	0.77	0.47	0.007	-1.07	1.06	-0.64	1.01	0.41	0.020
Dissatisfaction for daily life-SS	2.16	0.84	2.12	0.84	-	0.768	1.33	0.57	1.69	0.63	0.62	0.001	-0.83	0.77	-0.45	0.68	0.50	0.003
	Effect size	Small	Medium	Large
	Cohen's d	0.2 ≤	0.5 ≤	0.8 ≤

GERD-TEST: Gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.